The study found that straight and cisgender boys react most negatively to anti-LGBTQ+ insults, revealing that homophobia and transphobia affect all youth, not just LGBTQ+.
The results showed that the positive effects of playing sports on self-esteem were diminished for straight cisgender boys when they experienced anti-LGBTQ+ language. This underscores how gender and sexuality policing in sports not only harms LGBTQ+ youth but straight youth as well.
Students of color reported experiencing anti-LGBTQ+ language more frequently than their white peers, indicating a compounded effect of race on the impact of such language on self-esteem.
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