"Satoshi outlined a scenario in which the system's cryptographic primitives could eventually weaken. If that happened gradually, the network could coordinate a transition: a protocol upgrade would introduce stronger algorithms, and users would migrate their holdings by re-signing coins into new address formats."
"New research from Google's Quantum AI division has reignited debate over how soon quantum machines could threaten modern cryptography, including the elliptic curve signatures securing Bitcoin."
"Researchers say the computational requirements for breaking elliptic curve cryptography may be significantly lower than previously believed - potentially requiring fewer than 500,000 physical qubits under optimized conditions."
"Once sufficiently advanced systems exist, they may be capable of executing attacks within Bitcoin's operational time frame, enabling so-called 'on-spend' attacks that target transactions while they are still unconfirmed in the mempool."
In 2010, Satoshi Nakamoto proposed that Bitcoin's cryptographic foundations could be updated if compromised. This foresight is now relevant as Google's Quantum AI research indicates that quantum computers may soon threaten elliptic curve cryptography. The new estimates suggest that breaking this cryptography could require fewer than 500,000 qubits, significantly less than earlier predictions. Advanced quantum systems could execute attacks within Bitcoin's transaction timeframe, raising concerns about the network's security and the need for potential upgrades to its cryptographic algorithms.
Read at Bitcoin Magazine
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