Starting next year, I plan to only publicly mention (in blogs, talks, etc) L2s that are stage 1+," Buterin wrote. "It doesn't matter if I invested, or if you're my friend; stage 1 or bust.
Buterin has categorized the projects in three different stages, ranging from 0 to 2. Stage 0 is when a layer 2 network relies on full training wheels. Stage 1 is when it has limited training wheels, but is running with fraud proofs - an important cryptographic process that avoids the need for a single centralized entity to settle any layer-2 transactions to the base Ethereum blockchain.
At Stage 1, only Arbitrum One, OP Mainnet, and zkSync lite have reached this stage.
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