"T-cells require at least two critical signals for activation, known as antigen and costimulation... it's like starting a car: the antigen is the key, which fits perfectly with your T-cell and turns the car on. But you also need to press the gas pedal, which is the costimulation."
"While effective in reducing severe SARS-CoV-2 infections, current mRNA vaccines have exhibited limitations with immune durability, often requiring multiple booster doses to increase efficacy. They are also unable to fully prevent breakthrough infections..."
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