Our studies and many others have shown that emotions aren't uniformly good or bad for people. Instead, different emotions can result in better outcomes in particular types of situations.
Sadness occurs when people perceive that they've lost a goal or a desired outcome, and there's nothing they can do to improve the situation. It could be getting creamed in a game or failing a class or work project, or it can be losing a relationship with a family member. Once evoked, sadness is associated with what psychologists call a deactivation state of doing little, without much behavior or physical arousal. Sadness also brings thinking that is more detailed and analytical. It makes you stop and think.
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