The National Wildfire Coordinating Group (NWGC) defines wildfire containment as the status of a wildfire suppression action signifying that a control line has been completed around the fire and any associated spot fires, which can reasonably be expected to stop the fire's spread. These control lines can be both natural like rivers or man-made such as dug-out firebreaks.
If officials state that a fire is 30% contained, that means barriers have been placed around 30% of its perimeter. It's as much a measure of linear footage as it is confidence.
100% containment does not mean the fire is controlled or extinguished. A 100% contained fire continues to burn in the interior of the control line. Under predicted circumstances, a fire can be expected to burn to the line, but not beyond.
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