Haniyeh was born in a Gaza refugee camp in 1962 and attended a United Nations school. He joined Hamas in 1987 at the beginning of a major uprising against Israel known as the first Intifada.
Haniyeh was appointed prime minister of the Palestinian Authority by President Mahmoud Abbas after Hamas won a majority of seats in the 2006 legislative elections, leading to tensions with Fatah.
Haniyeh refused to step down when Abbas tried to dismiss him after Hamas unleashed violence against Fatah in the Gaza Strip, leading to Hamas continuing to rule Gaza while Fatah controlled the West Bank.
Haniyeh's move to Qatar for exile in 2016 and election as head of Hamas' political bureau in 2017 after succeeding Khaled Mashaal highlighted his influential role in the organization.
Israel targeted Haniyeh for assassination following a Hamas attack on Israeli civilians in October 2018, emphasizing the ongoing conflict between Israel and Palestinian militant groups like Hamas.
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