Non-kinetic effects are military actions that influence or disrupt an adversary's systems without using physical force or causing direct destruction, rather than weapons like missiles or bombs. They often include cyber operations, electronic warfare and influence campaigns. The operation that ousted Maduro from Caracas included cyber effects that targeted radar and internet, as well as the city's power grid, which caused a temporary blackout.
Also on this date: In 1947, the Tennessee Williams play A Streetcar Named Desire opened on Broadway. In 1967, a surgical team in Cape Town, South Africa, led by Dr. Christiaan Barnard, performed the first human heart transplant on Louis Washkansky, who lived 18 days with the donated organ from a 25-year-old woman who had died in a traffic accident.