On Oct. 25, 2024, Joe Biden, the first U.S. president to formally apologize for the policy of sending Native American children to Indian boarding schools, called it one of the most "horrific chapters" in U.S. history and "a mark of shame." But he did not call it a genocide.
Yet, over the past 10 years, many historians and Indigenous scholars have said that what happened at the Indian boarding schools "meets the definition of genocide." The U.S. government operated the boarding schools directly or paid Christian churches to run them.
The purpose of these schools was to strip Native American children of their Indigenous names, languages, religions and cultural practices. The United Nations defines "genocide" as the "intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group."
Historian Jeffery Ostler, in his 2019 book "Surviving Genocide," argues that the unlawful annexation of Indigenous lands, the deportation of Indigenous peoples, and forced schooling were all components of a broader genocidal strategy against Native Americans.
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