Notre-Dame's architectural innovations, including the ribbed vault and flying buttress, culminated in the recognizable design by 1270, marking a significant medieval achievement.
The 1830 revolution saw Notre-Dame not only as a witness but also as a victim, suffering from rioters breaking stained-glass windows and igniting nearby flames.
Henri Matisse's abstract rendering of Notre-Dame exemplifies how personal experiences and historical context shape artistic representation, particularly amid the turmoil of World War I.
From a Baroque renovation to a wine warehouse and now a symbol of recovery, Notre-Dame's history reflects the evolving narrative of Parisian architecture and culture.
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