In his new book, Malcolm Before X, Patrick Parr explores the earlier years of Malcolm X as he experienced prison life, which many overlook in the historical narrative.
Parr discovered that the Norfolk prison where Malcolm was held featured a biweekly newspaper, which served as a vital source for understanding his transformation during incarceration.
Malcolm Little, born in 1925, underwent a profound evolution in prison, converting to Islam and renouncing his birth name, marking the beginning of his journey towards becoming Malcolm X.
Despite the wealth of literature on Malcolm X, Parr's work uniquely utilizes prison newspapers to reveal previously unexplored aspects of his life and experiences behind bars.
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