Antonio Gramsci's concept of the interregnum captures the essence of political turmoil when old systems fail to hold power, yet new orders aren't established. In such periods, characterized by uncertainty, reactionary forces thrive, giving rise to authoritarian figures and movements. This dynamic, prevalent in Gramsci's early 20th-century Europe, illustrates the historical transitions that resulted in fascism and Stalinism. Today, similar trends can be observed as the post-Cold War global order disintegrates, with authoritarian leaders emerging to fill the power vacuum amidst societal chaos.
Gramsci's phrase, 'The old world is dying, and the new world struggles to be born,' highlights transitional periods where chaos breeds extremism and authoritarianism.
In interregnums, competing forces vie for control amid the decay of the old order, leading to the emergence of political 'monsters' and instability.
Gramsci's analysis of early-20th-century Europe's chaotic politics helps us understand contemporary shifts as the post-Cold War order falters, giving rise to authoritarian populism.
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