Israeli commandos raided an elaborate tunnel complex in the southern Gaza Strip on Jan. 31 based on intelligence that Yahya Sinwar, the Hamas leader, was hiding there.
He is by far Hamas's most important figure, and his success in evading capture or death has denied Israel the ability to make a foundational claim: that it has won the war.
American and Israeli officials said Mr. Sinwar abandoned electronic communications long ago, and he has avoided a sophisticated intelligence dragnet.
How that system works remains a mystery, as he is believed to stay in touch with the organization he leads through a network of human couriers.
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