American research universities have been pivotal to the nation's prosperity and security. The Trump administration's actions against Columbia University represent a severe threat to academic freedom, reminiscent of historical challenges to universities in America. Key milestones in the evolution of these institutions include the establishment of academic freedom principles in the early 20th century and the partnership formed during World War II between federal funding and university research efforts. These developments have allowed universities to attract talent and foster innovation critical for national advancement.
The Trump administration's recent attack on Columbia University puts all of that at risk, presenting the greatest threat to American universities since the Red Scare of the 1950s.
The rise of the American research university in the 20th century depended on many factors, including two crucial turning points: the development of strong principles of academic freedom and the federal partnership with universities.
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