The American Civil War initiated measures by President Lincoln to block southern cotton exports, which primarily affected Lancashire mills, halting about 60% of production by 1862 and leading to social unrest. Despite some support for the Confederacy in parts of England, Lancashire workers pledged to avoid slave-picked cotton. Lincoln responded with aid, and UK textile manufacturers adapted. Post-war, both transatlantic trade and Lancashire's economy rebounded. U.S. protectionist policies under William McKinley further influenced international trade, reflecting complex economic interdependencies into the 20th century, particularly after the Smoot-Hawley tariffs during the Great Depression.
"When supplies dried up in 1862, around 60% of cotton mills of Lancashire stopped production, causing huge hardship and job losses, as well as a riot in Stalybridge."
"Despite some grievances expressed by workers, Lancashire manufacturers eventually agreed not to use cotton picked by slaves, highlighting their ethical stance during a time of economic turmoil. "
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