The 1920s was a transformational decade for graphic design, initiating critical changes in typography and visual arts. The term 'graphic design' was introduced by William Addison Dwiggins in 1922, coinciding with the emergence of Bauhaus and Art Deco movements that embraced geometric forms. The New Typography, led by Jan Tschichold, rejected classical symmetry, pushing for innovative composition in design. Iconic typefaces like Futura emerged during this period, representing the blend of functionality and creativity that defined the era's design philosophy, and influencing future generations of typographic styles.
Following the Futurist and Dadaist movements, artistic creations tended towards reconstruction, characterised by both experimentation and rationalisation. Certain movements - such as the development of geometric characters and the New Typography - are at the forefront of this restructuring with a functional aim.
The first research leading to the creation of Futura is a source of inspiration for the diversity it offers and the extreme manipulation of letter forms, which demonstrates the functional characteristics of the typeface.
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