On Tuesday, a top EU court ruled that Apple must pay Ireland €13 billion in taxes, marking a significant shift in the relationship between U.S. tech giants and European regulators.
The rulings against Apple and Google symbolize the EU's determination to hold big tech accountable, as it confronts past sweetheart tax deals and anti-competitive practices.
Margrethe Vestager, the EU's competition chief, has faced challenges in courts before, but these rulings represent a vital step forward in enforcing regulatory actions against tech giants.
Google's sustained appeal against the €2.4 billion fine has come to an end, confirming that the EU will continue to impose heavy penalties on companies that violate competition laws.
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