Energetic particles have contributed significantly to understanding matter since the 1800s. Bombarding matter reveals internal structures and creates new quanta based on Einstein's principles. Cosmic rays and particle accelerators have incrementally unveiled parts of the Standard Model, achieving completion with the Higgs boson's discovery at the LHC. New collider designs are proposed to push the limits of energy exploration further, such as linear and circular colliders. However, practical limitations for colliders exist, while cosmic rays will continue providing insights beyond terrestrial capabilities.
Energetic particles have probed the fundamental nature of matter since the 1800s, with early experiments revealing heavy, unstable Standard Model particles through cosmic rays.
Particle accelerators and colliders have progressively uncovered the Standard Model, culminating with the discovery of the Higgs boson at the LHC.
Future collider projects aim to delve deeper into the energy frontier, with proposals for linear and circular colliders to explore heavy, unstable particles.
Despite planned advances, practical energy limits exist for colliders, while cosmic rays exceeding ~10^11 GeV will continue to unveil cosmic secrets.
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