Shallow vs Deep Copying of Python Objects - Real Python
Briefly

The article explores Python's copy module, highlighting the distinctions between shallow and deep copying of objects. Copying is an important concept, allowing independent manipulation of object clones. This ensures that sensitive data, like bank balances, remains unaltered through defensive programming. The article further illustrates the relevance of copying in scenarios such as 3D graphics, where transformations to model vertices can be applied non-destructively through duplication. Various data types—scalar and composite—are also briefly examined, emphasizing their roles in object representation and manipulation.
Copying an object means creating its exact duplicate in memory. It allows you to modify cloned objects independently, which is critical for managing mutable data safely.
In 3D graphics, using copies of an object's vertices for transformations allows non-destructive editing, enabling animations without altering the original model.
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