Securing Data at Rest: From LUKS to NBDE - A Modern Encryption Guide | HackerNoon
Briefly

Encryption is foundational in securing data, with full disk encryption (FDE) as the standard method for protecting data at rest. For Linux systems and big data workloads, technologies like LUKS and dm-crypt are prevalent. Application-level data encryption is the preferred method for protecting sensitive data, managing encryption keys in separate systems to enhance security. This method safeguards various types of sensitive information, including PII, PCI-DSS, and PHI, ensuring compliance with industry regulations and preventing data access even in breach scenarios.
Full disk encryption (FDE) has become the de facto standard for securing data at rest, particularly important in today's threat landscape.
Encryption keys are securely managed in a separate system, such as a Key Management System (KMS), isolating key storage from the encrypted data.
Application-level data encryption protects sensitive data, ensuring it remains encrypted even if an attacker gains access to the system or database.
Complying with industry standards such as PCI-DSS and HIPAA requires the protection of sensitive data through proper encryption methods.
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