The Universe has been evolving for 13.8 billion years; we can measure its history through cosmic surveys that reveal an estimated 6 to 20 trillion galaxies.
The Fermi gamma-ray telescope measured the star-formation history throughout cosmic time, allowing us to answer what generates more light: the Big Bang or stars.
Star formation involves a molecular cloud of mostly hydrogen collapsing under gravity, which fragments into star systems and marks the ignition of nuclear fusion.
Despite the vastness of cosmic history, most significant events, including star formation, remain part of the past, enriching our understanding of the Universe.
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