There are more than 600 species of stingless bees in the tropics, existing longer than honeybees, known for their defense mechanisms without stingers.
Stingless bees protect their colonies by annoying intruders, such as releasing pheromones to summon more bees or stationing guard bees at the entrances to sniff out and eliminate outside threats.
They collect nectar, pollen, and resin from various plants, using resin to make cerumen for offspring, a unique building material different from the wax used by honeybees.
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