Once the oil comes to shore, the more intensive the cleaning technique. You can risk causing further damage... the techniques available become increasingly aggressive the less oil that remains.
Because oil normally has a lower density than water, it floats on the surface of the ocean. This means that for cleanup action to be most effective, it should happen very quickly after a spill, before the oil disperses.
One method of controlling oil spills at sea... is essentially scooping up the oil from the water's surface... booms, which act like a barrier to prevent the oil from spreading... boats equipped with so-called skimmer machines can suck up the oil and separate it from the water... the oil can even be reused.
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