A mid-crust composed of fractured igneous rocks saturated with liquid water best explains the existing data. Our results have implications for understanding Mars' water cycle, determining the fates of past surface water, searching for past or extant life, and assessing in situ resource utilization for future missions.
Finding present-day liquid water in the form of groundwater in the crust completes a picture of Mars' water cycle. Just as on Earth where groundwater is connected to the surface through rivers and lakes, this was surely the case on early Mars as well.
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