"These results provide us with a deeper understanding of some of the earliest pioneers that settled in Europe," said Professor Johannes Krause, co-author of the Nature paper.
"They also indicate that any modern human remains found outside Africa that are older than 50,000 years could not have been part of the common non-African population that interbred with Neanderthals."
The scientific community already knows Homo sapiens had sex with Neanderthals because DNA from Neanderthals has been found in the genomes of modern humans.
In fact, most non-Africans today inherit one to two per cent of their ancestry from Neanderthals.
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