The Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency's 2026 MMX mission aims to explore Martian moons, seeking to answer long-standing questions about their origin and composition.
Two main theories about Mars's moons suggest they are either captured asteroids or formed from debris due to a collision. New approaches combine both theories into a coherent explanation.
The new hybrid model posits that a close pass by a large asteroid could... which could explain the nearly circular orbits of both Martian moons.
Challenges to existing theories include the unusual circular orbits of Phobos and Deimos, which are difficult to reconcile with the expected characteristics of captured bodies or debris rings.
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