The article reviews the complex interactions between Io and Jupiter, focusing on how Io supplies mass to the magnetosphere through its volcanic activity and neutral clouds. It discusses the stability and variability of the Io torus system and highlights the importance of sodium and potassium observations as proxies for understanding Io's atmospheric dynamics. The current gaps in knowledge regarding the transient events and inconsistencies in atmospheric loss processes are also examined, emphasizing the need for future observational efforts and modeling to enhance our understanding of these interactions.
Most of the material from Io supplied to the plasma torus comes from neutral clouds, providing vital information on Io's interaction with the Jovian magnetosphere.
Transient changes in sodium observed in Io's atmosphere suggest variability, yet gaps in our understanding persist regarding the full dynamics of mass exchange.
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