Jupiter's moon Europa, a large world with a vast sub-ice ocean, is thought to be one of the best candidates for hosting life elsewhere in the Solar System.
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To discover any pristine material, the lander will need to carry a drill capable of going at least a meter below the moon's surface.
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The model is complicated by the fact that larger impacts spew out small debris that also create impacts when the material returns to the moon's surface, but that wrinkle can be accounted for as well.
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