Fethullah Gulen, once an ally of Erdogan, died in the U.S. at 83. His movement was deemed terrorist post-2016 coup, leading to widespread purges in Turkey.
Gulen began as a provincial preacher and founded the Hizmet movement, which operated schools worldwide and embraced a version of Islam that advocated for democracy and coexistence.
Erdogan and Gulen's political alliance disintegrated after the 2016 coup attempt, which Erdogan blamed on Gulen, resulting in a severe crackdown on Gulenists across Turkey.
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