In most South Asian cities, the demand for housing and infrastructure outpaces their capacity to plan and manage growth, identified by low-density development and increased car dependency.
Urban development policies in Pakistan are tenuous and urban areas remain without certified boundaries, causing unrestricted sprawl on fertile agricultural land surrounding its major cities.
Land reclamation projects in coastal metros like Mumbai aggravate environmental degradation, filling in wetlands and mangroves that disrupt ecosystems and lead to the loss of biodiversity.
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