The recent report by the Kyiv School of Economics reveals the significant expansion of Russia's shadow fleet, which now transports 70% of the country's oil despite sanctions.
Efforts by Western allies to isolate Russia through sanctions have proven increasingly ineffective as the utilization of a shadow fleet enables Moscow to circumvent these measures effectively.
The shadow fleet comprises over 630 tankers, many of which are older and poorly maintained, yet have allowed Russia to sell oil above the imposed price cap.
Since the onset of sanctions, Russia has invested approximately $10 billion into expanding its shadow fleet, thereby reducing the sanctions regime's effectiveness significantly.
Collection
[
|
...
]