The middle ear has a cube-like structure with five rigid walls and a tympanic membrane. Pressure must equal atmospheric pressure for effective sound transmission.
To equalize pressure, the Eustachian tube connects the middle ear to the nasopharynx and opens when oxygen is depleted, allowing air to flow in.
Rapid pressure changes, such as when boarding a plane, can cause discomfort if the Eustachian tube doesn't equalize pressure, forcing the eardrum inward.
Individual characteristics, such as the physiological state of the ears and nose, also influence how well the ear can adapt to pressure changes.
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