Ancient genome sequencing has significantly transformed our understanding of human migration and genetic variation, especially during crucial historical periods like the Iron Age and Viking Age.
Current methodologies face challenges in differentiating ancestries in regions like northern and central Europe, where genetic similarities make statistical distinction difficult.
Recent studies indicate a rich genetic diversity during the Viking Age and early medieval periods, pointing to significant population movements and stable structures despite high mobility.
The reliance on modern cohorts for ancestry change analysis may obscure ancient genetic relationships, highlighting the need for direct examination of ancient populations.
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