Islands, cities, and water districts have been using desalination to rid ocean water of its salts for over a century, though it wasn't until the 1970s that the technology became more widespread.
Reverse osmosis is energy intensive, requiring strong pumps to force water molecules through a specially designed membrane, leaving a briny solution in its wake.
Deep sea reverse osmosis (DSRO) uses naturally occurring ocean pressure at depths of 1,300 to 2,000 feet to push water through membranes, drastically reducing electricity usage.
Now a handful of companies are locked in a race to perfect the technology of deep sea reverse osmosis, spurred by advances from the oil and gas industry.
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