The recent case in Nevada marks a significant transmission of the D1.1 strain of H5N1, evolving from birds to cows to a human, posing notable health risks. The CDC confirmed the strain causing severe infections contains a mutation, PB2 D701N, enhancing its ability to replicate in mammals. While no human-to-human transmission has been observed and the public risk remains low, heightened precautions are advised for those in proximity to affected animals. The H5N1 outbreak has affected extensive poultry populations, highlighting ongoing concerns surrounding avian influenza spread.
The D1.1 strain of H5N1 has proven dangerous, responsible for the only severe and fatal case reported in the recent outbreak due to prolonged exposure.
Mutation PB2 D701N found in the D1.1 strain enhances mammalian replication, presenting potential risks despite the low public risk as per the CDC.
The CDC has not observed human-to-human transmission of the D1.1 strain, keeping the public risk low, though exposure for some is increased.
Currently, 967 herds across 16 states have been infected, with nearly 158 million commercial birds affected since the H5N1 outbreak began in 2022.
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