The backup process can lead to inconsistencies, especially if changes occur after a backup starts and before it completes. Inconsistent backups are problematic for databases like SQL Server, where multiple file types can lead to incomplete data capture. Crash-consistent backups capture data at a single point in time but fail to account for in-memory data or pending transactions, similar to restoring after a crash. Application-consistent backups offer better protection by ensuring all applications are in sync when the backup occurs, capturing a true state of the system.
If any user added/modified data after a backup but before its completion, that results in an inconsistent backup; the files in the backup are not consistent.
Crash-consistent backups do not capture any data that is in memory or pending I/O transactions; it's like restoring at the moment of server crash.
Application-consistent backups provide the highest level of protection, ensuring all involved applications are in a consistent state when the backup is taken.
The process of taking a backup by copying all of the data from the beginning to the end can result in inconsistencies if not managed properly.
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