Researchers in Sweden observed that after starting testosterone therapy, transgender men showed changes in their immune systems, impacting vulnerability to infections and autoimmune diseases.
The study indicated that testosterone therapy in transgender men resulted in comparable testosterone levels to cisgender men and a notable decrease in immune response related to type I interferon.
Blood samples revealed that after one year on testosterone, there was an increase in tumor necrosis factor signaling, relevant to bacterial infections, contrasting the response to viral infections.
The implications of this research highlight the need for further exploration on how gender-affirming hormone therapy modifies immune responses, which could influence healthcare approaches for transgender individuals.
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