The Work-or-Fight Order compelled eligible men to register for the draft or find essential work; Major Leaguers found a loophole by playing for Bethlehem Steel's baseball league.
Bethlehem Steel, booming during wartime, established its own baseball league to entertain workers, attracting about 45 Major Leaguers and 30 retired players under the Work-or-Fight directive.
Ecenbarger highlights how the desire to evade the draft influenced many players’ decisions, with some genuinely wanting to contribute to the war effort.
Owner Charles Schwab, not the financial guru, created the Bethlehem Steel League in 1917 to enhance team competitiveness while providing entertainment for steelworkers.
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