In Scala, product subtyping involves the element-wise relationship between tuples and case classes, allowing a subtype to have more specific field types than its supertype.
Weakening and substitution in product subtyping enable using broader types, facilitating the assignment of a tuple with a more specific type to one with a more general type.
An example of product subtyping is shown with tuples, where (Int, String) is a subtype of (Int, Any) due to String being a subtype of Any.
With case classes, even if Employee is not directly a subtype of Person, if structured with a common supertype, they can participate in a subtype relationship.
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