Python includes many built-in functions, like `type`, `print`, and `len`, which serve various purposes from identifying data types to producing output and measuring lengths.
In Python, functions can take arguments, which are specified inside parentheses when calling the function. For example, `print` can take multiple arguments, but `len` only takes one.
Functions like `int` and `str` facilitate type conversions in Python. The `int` function converts strings and floats to integers, while `str` converts any object to a string.
Python's interactive REPL automatically prints the result of statements, but the `print` function becomes vital in script environments where output needs to be displayed.
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