Encryption transforms data into an unusable form, accessible only through decryption. It's essential for protecting against unauthorized data access, even after breaches.
Not all data requires encryption; effective authorization and access controls may suffice. Encryption incurs performance costs, so application planning and risk assessments are key.
Data can be encrypted at rest on disks or in transit across networks. When to encrypt often depends on regulatory requirements like HIPAA or GDPR.
To ensure secure encryption, understand terms like cipher (the encryption algorithm), digest (hash function for the password), and salt (protection against rainbow tables).
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