With the level of sophistication required, it is quite unusual that in five years, GoldenJackal managed to build and deploy not one but two separate tool sets designed to compromise air-gapped systems. This speaks to the resourcefulness of the group.
The practice of air gapping is typically reserved for the most sensitive networks or devices connected to them. It nonetheless forces threat groups to expend significant resources that are likely obtainable only by nation-states with superior technical acumen and unlimited budgets.
Researchers from ESET, the security firm that discovered the toolkits, concluded that the same group is behind all the attacks observed by both firms due to the overlap in components.
A largely different tool set created by the same threat group infected a European Union government organization three years later, indicating the advancing capabilities of this elusive nation-state hacking group.
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