The Jews of the Middle Ages were convinced of their chosenness, and Christian rulers inadvertently reinforced Jewish solidarity by recognizing Jews as legal, self-governing communities. This dynamic transformed theological disputes into anti-Semitic ideologies.
The Jewish-Christian confrontation was grounded in a deep structural clash between two related religious cultures, each of which thought itself chosen and the other excluded from divine favor.
Acts of Jewish assertiveness directed against Christianity increased Christian authorities' anti-Jewish views and policies, reshaping Christian Europe's perspectives and actions towards Jews.
This book challenges traditional views by arguing that Jews were not merely passive victims but assertive agents within their historical context, affecting the evolution of anti-Semitism.
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