In medieval Christian thought, the owl symbolized spiritual darkness, as Jews, seen as rejecting Christ, were believed to dwell in this metaphorical night away from the 'Light of the World'.
The mistranslation of 'karan' in Exodus led to the depiction of Moses with 'horns', reinforcing harmful stereotypes about Jews, seen as possessing malevolent attributes.
Owls' associations with illness and death in the medieval period added further layers to the negative perceptions of Jews, who were often linked to decline and peril.
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