There are two main ways a sunscreen can provide protection: physically or chemically. Mineral sunscreens create a physical barrier that sits on top of the skin and reflects UV rays away from you. Chemical sunscreens contain ingredients that sink into the skin and absorb UV rays, converting them to heat to be released by your body.
Mineral formulations leave a white cast and tend to feel thicker and heavier than chemical sunscreens. They're often gentler and are less likely to cause irritation, making them a good option for folks with sensitive skin.
Chemical sunscreens don't leave a cast and feel lighter on the skin. They hold up better during sweaty activities, but certain ingredients can cause skin irritation for some.
SPF stands for sun protection factor, and it specifically refers to how well a product fights UVB rays. The difference in percentage of protection between SPF 30 and SPF 100 is quite small.
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