NATO, established in 1949 as a countermeasure to Soviet expansion, has evolved into the world's largest peace-time military alliance with 32 member states. Its collective defense agreement ensures that an attack on one member is treated as an attack on all, which aids in deterrence. However, many member countries have underinvested in their militaries, relying on collective protection. In 2014, NATO members committed to spending at least 2% of GDP on defense, yet less than half comply with that guideline, jeopardizing the alliance's operational readiness amidst increasing geopolitical tensions.
NATO's collective defense agreement centers on the principle that an attack on one member is an attack on all, enhancing deterrence but creating budgetary complacency.
Despite the 2014 commitment to spend at least 2% of GDP on defense, fewer than half of NATO members meet this threshold, raising concerns for military readiness.
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