Since the final ruling by the European Court of Human Rights in January 2023, prohibiting Poland from extraditing a Taiwanese man wanted by China, Spain is the only major European country that continues to authorize extraditions. In 2023 and 2024, the Spanish government has processed multiple extraditions, with at least one citizen already handed over to Chinese authorities. The ECHR ruled against Poland’s extradition due to concerns about torture and ill-treatment in Chinese prisons, referencing reports from the UN and NGOs which pointed to systemic abuses in China's judicial system. Other European nations have halted similar processes following this ruling.
The European Court of Human Rights ruled to prohibit Poland from extraditing a Taiwanese man to China, citing a risk of inhumane treatment in Chinese prisons.
Spain remains the only major European country initiating extraditions to China since the ECHR ruling, with nine individuals handed over between 2023 and 2024.
The ECHR's landmark judgment emphasizes a lack of humane treatment in China, stating that extradition requests indicate sufficient risk to warrant denial.
Reports from the UN and Amnesty International highlighted a systematic issue of torture and ill-treatment in China, influencing the ECHR's decision against extradition.
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