But in 2023, Ursula von der Leyen became the first sitting European Commission president to visit the Philippines, where she spoke of a 'new era of cooperation between us.'
Analysts have said the changes between the Philippines and the EU are driven by deeper geopolitical factors. The Russian invasion of Ukraine in early 2022 was a major catalyst, according to Joshua Espena, a resident fellow at the International Development and Security Cooperation.
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