Turkey remains Europe's top jailer with 405 inmates per 100,000, driven by anti-terrorism laws post-2016 coup, totaling 348,265 inmates.
Turkey's incarceration rate surged 89.3% from 2011-2021, with other high rates in Georgia, Azerbaijan, Moldova, and Hungary, differing from Western and Nordic nations with lower rates.
Moldova showed a 52.1% increase in prison population, followed by North Macedonia, Cyprus, Turkey, and Azerbaijan, reflecting a broader trend of rising incarceration rates in Europe.
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