"There was and is method to it. Type approval means that the device won't kill you, won't jam your airwaves, won't burst into flames, and other desirable negatives. If a business buys approved equipment, it won't invalidate its insurance, and many other legal protections and permissions flow. When the system stops working, which it does when individual consumers can buy cheap stuff directly from overseas, fiery death can follow."
"There hasn't been an equivalent concept in software, at least not in general. Life-critical systems with software in, yes, and lots of industry codes and compliance incantations, but never national guarantees of software or service behavior. Now there are good and growing needs for this to change. There are dangerous aspects of design and implementation common to many different classes of product, invisible to users, and no way of knowing what is safe."
Type approval certifies devices for safety, electromagnetic compatibility, and insurance compliance. Lack of software equivalent leaves users exposed to invisible design and implementation dangers. Consumers buying unapproved foreign hardware undermines protections and can cause physical harm. Software and services that store identity or data without legal protections permit state interference and loss of privacy. Digital sovereignty enables legal and technical protection but requires large-scale coordination of technologies, standards, procurement, and support. Realizing sovereignty is practicable for large entities but involves economic and operational challenges. Europe is actively pursuing such shifts toward protected, interoperable, digital infrastructures.
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